What HVAC Energy-Efficiency Ratings Mean

Are you comparing the efficiency ratings of new air conditioning and furnace systems? Perhaps you’re just curious to understand the rating on your current HVAC equipment. Either way, you can find the efficiency rating and expected yearly operating costs by looking at the yellow Energy Guide tag on the side of the unit. Here’s more information about the multiple ratings you might find and what they mean.

What Is a SEER Rating?

SEER stands for Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio, a way of measuring air conditioning efficiency. The SEER rating is a calculation of the cooling output of an air conditioner over a full cooling season, divided by the total amount of energy utilized within that time frame. A higher SEER rating implies greater energy efficiency and lower energy bills.

Today, the minimum SEER rating for new air conditioners is 14 SEER in the northern U.S. and 15 SEER in the southern U.S. This is an improvement from the previous minimum expectation of 13 SEER in the north and 14 SEER in the south, which was in effect from 2015 to 2022. This modification reflects the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) persistent efforts to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

These days, high-end air conditioners boast ratings of 26 SEER or higher, delivering fantastic energy savings. But bear in mind, impressive SEER ratings typically come with a higher up-front cost. Which means you should consider both the initial investment and the potential for continued savings when selecting a new air conditioner.

What Is an EER Rating?

While SEER ratings are more well-known, there’s another efficiency measurement you should know about. It’s called EER, and it is short for Energy Efficiency Ratio. This conveys the effectiveness of an AC unit under specific operating circumstances. The EER rating helps you understand how the system will keep up with demand on the hottest summer days.

Presently, only the southwest region has a minimum EER rating of 12.2 EER for residential central air conditioners. Peak ratings top out at about 14 EER. In most cases SEER and EER almost always correspond, with higher ratings meaning greater overall performance.

What Is an HSPF Rating?

Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF) ratings are measurements of the energy efficiency of air-source heat pumps when in heating mode. HSPF is a ratio of the overall heat output in British Thermal Units (BTUs) throughout the heating season to the amount of electricity used in watt-hours. A higher HSPF rating means a more efficient heat pump.

The minimum HSPF rating for new heat pumps is 8.8 HSPF, a boost from the preceeding minimum of 8.2 HSPF. By calling for higher minimum HSPF ratings, the DOE wants to motivate people to use more energy-efficient heating systems in homes and businesses across the U.S. The bare minimum is always an option, but it’s a wise choice to invest in a high-end heat pump with a rating of 13 HSPF or higher for the best performance.

What Is an AFUE Rating?

Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) ratings are an alternative estimate of heating system efficiency, but they only relate to furnaces and boilers. AFUE is a ratio of the annual heat output to the energy consumed during that period. The higher the AFUE rating, the more efficient the furnace or boiler.

In 2023, the minimum AFUE rating for new gas furnaces has been modified to 81. Prior to this, the south and southwest had a minimum of 80 AFUE, and the north required ratings of 90 AFUE or higher. Although there are no laws demanding that you install a system with ratings above the minimum, you’ll save on your utility bills by choosing a furnace rated 95 AFUE or higher.

What Is an ENERGY STAR® Rating?

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the ENERGY STAR program in 1992 to help homeowners and businesses discover the most energy-efficient products available. HVAC equipment, appliances, water heaters, light fixtures, office equipment, electronics and building products that achieve or exceed superior efficiency standards can earn ENERGY STAR certification.

ENERGY STAR-rated products perform well above the minimum specifications to save energy and cut down on emissions without sacrificing performance or features. You can also look for the ENERGY STAR Most Efficient designation, which identifies the top performers in energy efficiency and innovation. The EPA is currently overhauling the qualification criteria in light of the new minimum HVAC efficiency standards.

Install an Efficient HVAC System

For help deciding which HVAC energy-efficiency rating is right for your budget, turn to Service Experts Heating & Air Conditioning. We can review your HVAC challenges and aid you in making an informed decision. We can provide you with a wide range of products from today’s top brands, all of which satisfy or exceed the minimum efficiency requirements for 2023. We’re so sure you’ll be delighted with our services that we provide a 100% satisfaction guarantee! To learn more or to schedule a free HVAC installation quote, please contact a Service Experts office near you.